The Curious Case Of The Polgar Sisters
In this letter I explore the curious case of a trio of child prodigies. Was this just nurture? Or was something else at play?
This will be an unnaturally long newsletter. I shall begin the labors of writing it with one simple question;
What makes the genius?
Did Newton arrive on earth with the Principia locked somewhere in his brain? Or did he become a genius via a series of fantastic accidents? Perhaps his train of thoughts were just opportune to arrive at the concept of gravity and the mathematical calculations for it. Maybe it was merely an accident of environmental factors that created the conditions that allowed him revolutionize physics. Or more than that, maybe he was simply smart enough to spend more time on his books.
There are two broad perspectives on the question of the source of genius. There are many people who assume that a genius can be made. They believe that you can turn any bumbling child into Einstein if you just download the right software into their brain early enough. They believe that children are born with absolutely no knowledge, no aptitudes and no personality. Whatever personality, whatever ability, and whatever sensibilities the child has is given to them by their parents and environment.
There are others that assume that there are children born and conceived with special abilities that make them geniuses. They believe that these children, when born, already have brains that are better equipped to navigating the world than others. Hence, even as day old babies, they are already materially different from the vast majority of human beings to ever exist.
The problem with this assumption is that it means certain children are literally destined for greatness, while others are destined for mediocrity. It creates an hierarchy and means that smart people did not actually have to work as much as they could to achieve anything. Instead, they were given the gift of intellect freely.
That is an assumption that most people would not want to validate. After all, how can any state or person make the argument for equality or fair treatment if humans are so inherently different in capacity that a genius can only be born, not made.
The problem with this question (or one of the problems with it at any rate) is that it's difficult to figure out the answer. If you claim that geniuses are made, not born, you would have to actually make one. You would have to put your theory to the test and train an average child to become extremely intelligent. But can anyone do that?
Well, we know of at least one man who tried.
Laszlo Polgar
This is the story of Laszlo Polgar and the experiment that would change what people thought of intelligence and human capacity.
Laszlo was a Hungarian chess teacher and education psychologist. When he was young he was intrigued by the life of geniuses and studied them intensely. He was so intrigued that he studied the life of fur hundred geniuses from Socrates to Einstein.
Accordingly, he found an interesting thread that tied all manifestations of genius together. All of them, Laszlo claimed, began their training at a young age and studied voraciously. Hence people like Mozart, Einstein, Newton and the rest were not geniuses because they had a special or atypical mind. They were geniuses because they were fortunate to be exposed to the beauty of knowledge at a young age, and by hook or crook they studied intensely during the period too. He claimed it was this environment that gave them a leg up and allowed them to revolutionize their fields.
His specific argument was that by creating the right childhood environment he could turn any healthy child to a genius. Therefore any healthy child is a potential genius. This is regardless of their gender. A girl child, Laszlo reasoned, is just as likely to be genius engineer as a male child.
This is a brave assertion, and the only way one might venture to prove it is by creating such a genius. If you are going to claim that the only difference between the average pleb writing newsletters on Substack and someone like Newton is hours spent studying during infanthood, you have to provide pretty strong evidence for that belief. So our good man Laszlo did what anyone in his shoes and with his beliefs might have done. He decided to take the risk and actually test his fantastic assertion on his own children.
He did not just get married, have children and test his assertion on them as a side project. No, no, no. You see, Laszlo was a man of extraordinary drive and focus. He went out of his way to find a wife who would want to explore that path with him. His chosen wife was a foreign languages teacher who was onboard with his project of turning her potential children into geniuses. Now, you may wonder why a smart woman who had the capacity to learn foreign languages (people with high IQ tend to be able to learn and remember new languages than others) would go on this academic journey with Laszlo. Imagine telling a Nigerian woman that the main reason you want to have kids with her was not to be fruitful and multiply, but to create a race of genius children. I don't think she would appreciate that very much.
But for some reason, Klara, Laszlo's wife, did. She believed in his mission and they decided to get married, give birth, and try out their theory on their own kids.
Laszlo knew that he didn't have the capacity or ability to provide his children with excellent education in the basic sciences. He wasn't a chemist or a physicist. He wasn't a mathematician either. The only thing he knew about well enough to provide his children with sufficient training on was chess. Hence, he decided that creating a chess prodigy would also prove his assertion, since chess is at its base a mental test. It doesn't require strength, extraordinary physical ability or extensive adjacent knowledge. Chess is a game of wits and strategy and being great at it is usually proof of high intelligence. Another reason why chess was chosen as the test subject (instead of foreign languages, for example) is that chess is very objective and easy to measure. You can't quite accurately measure a child's mathematical ability when compared to other children. However, you could get a child to play a chess game over and over and over again with little fuss and you would be able to accurately measure their proficiency at the game.
So it was decided. The Polgars would give birth to children and attempt to turn them into chess prodigies. Before you continue, I would like to skip to the end and affirm that this was precisely what happened. Their children became some of the best chess players to have ever played. The Polgars experiment was a success. At least to people who did not think about it enough.
Now, back to our story. Laszlo and Klara had three children. Their names Zsuzsa, Zsófia, and Judit. Laszlo didn't want to take any chances with his special experiment so he battled the government for the right to homeschool the children. From as young as four years old he introduced them to chess and it became an integral part of their upbringing. They had no school, no friends, and nothing but the chess board and the pieces. Their house was a shrine to chess.
His first child Susan began beating veteran players when she was just five. She was able to defeat her father as well at about the same age. This was the nature of the training of all three girls. The least fantastic player of the Polgars was Zsofia (Sophia) who became the sixth best player female player in the world. Zsuza (Susan), the eldest, became the second best female player in the world. And Judith became the best ever female chess player of all time.
This letter will dwell for a bit on the brilliance of one of the Polgar girls, namely Judith Polgar. When people speak of her they simply remark that she is the best ever female chess player, but very few people understand the extent of her brilliance at chess. Judith does not suffer from this under-appreciation because she is a woman — in fact most of the geniuses in history have suffered the same fate.
Many people cannot quantify the brilliance of Einstein, or Newton, or Godel, or the ancient Greeks. People just know that they were brilliant, and that is that about that. My experience in researching these men and talking about them has taught me that most people have no way of conceptualizing the reach of their intelligence.
Anyway, I digress. Let us examine the extent to which Laszlo’s experiment was successful with his last daughter, Judith Polgar.
In 1991, at just the age of 15, Judith earned the title of Grandmaster in chess. At the time she was the youngest person regardless of gender to do it. She broke a record previously held by a man named Bobby Fischer (remember this name, it will become handy later in this letter). To become a Grandmaster one must have favorable results against past opponents and at least 33% of those opponents must be grandmasters as well. These opponents must also have an average FIDE rating of 2380 too.
For non-chess players, anyone who crosses a 2,000 FIDE rating is an expert and would beat an overwhelming majority of people who ever pick up a chess piece. Additionally, the difference between a 2,000 rating and a 2,380 rating isn’t trivial by any means. It is substantive. So it is no small feat, as the Grandmaster title is the highest title anyone can receive in chess.
To put into context just how extraordinary that feat is, there has only been 40 female grandmasters in history. And a vast majority of these female grandmasters did not become one by meeting the requirements that Judith met, instead they became grandmasters by winning Women’s World Championships and other associated tournaments, not beating other grandmasters. In fact, Susan Polgar was the first ever woman to achieve the grandmaster title through the above listed requirements at the age of 21. Judith got the title as well later that year.
Side Note; There have been around 1,700 male grandmasters.
Judith was also the youngest player to ever break into the FIDE top 100 players rating list. When she broke into this list she ranked at number 55, and she did this at the age of 12. By the time she was 13, Judith was the highest rated woman in the world of chess. And she held that title till she retired in 2014. All in all, she was the best female player in the world for 25 straight years. It is difficult to find a male equivalent of her dominance.
Gary Kasparov is generally acclaimed to be the best chess player of all time, however even Gary was only number one in the world for ten years at a stretch. His dominance was broken at several times by players like Magnus Carlsen. Kasparov was only number one for a total of 255 months, while Judith was the number one female player for an unbroken stretch of 300 months. This is despite Kasparov being an objectively better player than Judith, by far.
Judith was not just extraordinary when it came to general chess, she was so phenomenal that she is basically peerless in female chess. While Kasparov does have some peers — like Bobby Fischer and Magnus Carlsen — no female player has ever come close to Judith’s FIDE rating. At 12, when she entered the FIDE top hundred list and was placed 55, she was already the highest rated woman in the world. The player at number 56, Maia Chiburdanidze, was the first female grandmaster and up until that point was the greatest female chess player. Judith dislodged her when she was just 12.
Generally women are not driven to play chess in male or open tournaments. Many might argue that this rule is a product of sexism or misogyny, but it is more likely because men have simply proven to be better at chess than women. That is why female only championships exist and women have a totally different criteria to be named grandmaster. And despite this, men overpopulate the list of grandmasters to an unbelievable extent.
Regardless, Judith was comfortable enough in her talents to request to enter male tournaments. At 13 she was already winning championships in male competitions. By the time she was 14 she simply abandoned all-female competitions altogether and only participated in open competitions (that is, competitions where both men and women can participate).
in 1996, Judith broke another record and became the first (and only) woman to be ranked in the top ten of all active chess players. She was not just an excellent female player like other exceptional players, she was an excellent chess player period. By 21 years old, Judith was already the undisputed best female chess player of all time.
By the late 90s she was playing in tournaments that had a dozen grandmasters, and she was regularly finishing either in the middle of the pack or a few positions near the top. Significantly, she was the only woman finishing that high. She was the only woman playing in those caliber of tournaments at all. She even managed to beat Anatoly Karpov (one of the best players of all time) in a tournament of action chess. Before beating Karpov she had also beaten multiple male grandmasters and had finished above them in multiple tournaments.
In 2002 she finally defeated Garry Kasparov (the number one ranked player at the time) in a game and made history. She was the first (and only) woman to ever defeat the number one ranked player in competitive play. In 2003, she once again entered the list of the top ten players in the world. Again, no woman has repeated the feat since then. In 2004, she took some time off to give birth to her child. In the intervening period, her sister Susan became the best active female player. This is a testament to how devastating the Polgars were to female chess.
In the middle of 2005 Judith reached her highest ever competitive FIDE rating, which was 2735. That year she also became the first ever woman to play in the World Chess Championships, which is the most prestigious tournament in chess. Unfortunately, she performed quite poorly and finished dead last.
Judith finally retired in 2014, and in the period before that never surpassed her 2005 peak and never got another chance to win the World Chess championships. Despite not reaching those dizzying heights again the paucity of competition in the women game meant that she retained her spot as the best female player of all time, and there was hardly anyone who threatened to usurp her.
People may never understand the scale at which Judith Polgar was better than her female peers. And perhaps that is just as well. But here is a primer; Judith had a peak FIDE score of 2735. Of all the forty female grandmasters, only five have ever broken the 2600 score mark. Of that five only one has made it past 2650. When Judith retired in 2014, she had an FIDE ranking of about 2675. Only Hou Yifan has surpassed that ranking since then, and she only did so with eleven points.
Till today, no other female chess player has ever been invited to a World Chess Championship and no other one has crossed the 2700 FIDE ranking. Again, Judith Polgar was peerless. She had no female competitor and she remains the undisputed best female player of all time.
By now, you are probably already sold on the argument of our man Laszlo. You can actually make geniuses and prodigies. Can you not see? Laszlo already made not one, not two, but three! If he had not trained up his children in that manner, there would be no woman who could have crossed the 2700 FIDE rating. There would have been no woman to be invited to the World Chess Championships, and no woman would have beaten Garry Kasparov. She is a living, breathing, and playing example that geniuses are made.
But is she? The evidence I have outlined proves Laszlo’s case beyond doubt. He put his money where his mouth was and walked the talk. That is more than many theorists (like a certain schizo posting on Substack) can say. You certainly would not be too far off to consider this experiment definite proof that geniuses are made. Even Laszlo claimed that problems like AIDS and climate change could be solved if one used this method to raise kids that would eventually solve them.
In a perfect world, my newsletter would end here and you may even like it as I would have enriched your knowledge and fed you with the Copium that even you could be a genius if only you worked hard enough at it.
But this isn’t a perfect world. And this is not the end of this letter.
If one claims that a genius is made through years of training, and not born, it would be smart to make that argument with a child who did not have a high likelihood to be a genius anyway. Unfortunately for Laszlo and his exciting experiment, it failed on that note.
Laszlo might have been from Ukraine but he was ethnically a Jew. That is an ordinary factoid on its own, but when viewed with other facts it becomes quite interesting indeed. You see, Jews have the highest IQ of any sub ethnic group in the world. This significant over representation at the right tail end of the IQ chart means that Jews are also massively over represented everywhere in Academia. Despite making up less than 0.2% of the entire world’s population, Jews have won about a quarter of the Nobel prizes ever awarded in the sciences. Despite not even being native to Africa, 4 of 6 of the STEM Nobel prizes won by Africans have been won by South African Jews.
Jews don’t just excel in the academics, they excel everywhere and anywhere cognitive ability is paramount. Jewish lawyers are some of the best in the business. Jewish bankers are extraordinary — banks like Goldman Sachs were built almost entirely by Jews. Jewish writers are phenomenal, and Jews, like Kanye said, actually run Hollywood. Or are extremely over represented at the highest level of power. Take your pick. Even in fields where Jews do not excel, like the NBA and sports in general, they happen to have a major stake in the sport teams. Jews disproportionately own NBA franchises, and the same is true for every sport in America.
The over representation of Jews in all of these fields is so remarkable that it is probably 90% of the reason for antisemitism. Most anti-semites are really just jealous of Jewish success.
The fascinating thing about this is that chess is no different. Jews are so over represented at the higher echelons of chess achievement that it is almost evidence of some conspiracy. There have been sixteen world chess champions, and six of them have been Jews. Of the three greatest players in the sport; Fischer, Kasparov, and Carlsen, two are Jews. Other remarkable players like Botvinnik, Lasker, and Levon Aronian (the player with the fourth highest FIDE rating peak) are also Jews.
In his 1978 book, The Rating of Chess players Past and Present, Professor Arpad Elo rated 476 players from the 19th century onwards. Of the highest 51 players, approximately half were Jewish or of Jewish descent. Remember, Arpad wrote this book before the manifestation of Kasparov, the Polgar sisters, or Aronian.
In the light of this evidence, it is at least non controversial to say that Laszlo’s experiment was somewhat tainted. The Polgars were not random healthy babies turned into geniuses. They were random healthy Jewish babies. Therefore, one could argue that the Polgars were at least already born with the ability or material required for cognitive exploits.
If one wants to disprove the myth of innate or genetic intelligence, perhaps it would have been wiser to do that without using children who might already have an advantage over everyone else because of their genetic or innate intelligence. If one holds the position that Jews are extraordinarily cognitively competent because of their genes then the experiment by Laszlo Polgar would simply prove their point of Jewish genetic advantage.
But even that is not all.
I recently read that people who believe in the innate capacity of people are called hereditarians. That is, they believe that things like intelligence, strength, grit, confidence, humor, conscientiousness and even propensity to crime can be inherited from parents. These are also the sort of people to argue that geniuses are either born as a result of the good genetic stock of their parents, or as a result of some random genetic mutation.
These people are the ones Laszlo’s position opposes. They hold the opinion he uses his experiment to disprove. However, Laszlo may find that his experiment, if anything, proves their point.
Hereditarians suppose that a man who is extraordinarily hardworking isn’t so because he was taught to be, but because there are genetic elements that make hard work come easy to him. I am not completely scientifically illiterate, so I know that there is no hard work gene. However, I also know that things like impulse control, clear headedness, and even conscientiousness have genetic factors. I also know that these things are generally what contribute to hard work.
In fact, several studies have shown that conscientiousness has a heritability of about 50 percent. Science has even figured out some of the genes associated with it, some of which include SMOC1, LAMB1, DYRK1A, and COL19A1.
Therefore we can surmise that a child could inherit things like hard work and grit from their parents. These are traits that would obviously be vital to geniuses, and the more intensely they manifest in a child the likelier that child is going to be very good at some thing, let us even say chess.
Knowing that, let us look at the life of Laszlo and Klara Polgar. Aside from their Jewish ancestry, does anything stand them out? Any trait that the Polgar sisters might have inherited, and that might have made them even more likely to excel at chess? The answer is yes.
Laszlo Polgar was not your average man. He was clearly a voracious reader. He said he studied the life of four hundred geniuses before getting married. That is not something your average person can do, or wants to do. Asides from that, his dedication to his dream of proving that one could make a genius was almost superhuman. He fought Hungarian government workers who wanted to take his daughters to school against his wishes. He took his kids to chess tournaments all over the country, and managed to provide for the family of five while at it.
Klara Polgar, although not much is known about her, does not seem ordinary either. First of all, she was a teacher of foreign languages. This meant she likely had higher than normal IQ, since the ability to learn and speak new languages proficiently is linked to stronger cognitive abilities. Judith Polgar is quoted as saying both her parents were exceptional pedagogues who could explain anything from any angle.
So it would seem that not only did the Polgars come from Jewish stock, they also had fairly brilliant and extremely conscientious parents. Hence, one can reasonably argue that they were all born with at least above average intelligence and at least above average conscientiousness.
Those two traits predict success at any endeavor more than any measurable metric you can find in the social sciences. So, at the very least, Laszlo’s claim that any healthy child can be turned into a genius is not proven by his experiment. At most, his experiment proved that any healthy child with smart and tenacious parents who also happens to have genetic advantage due to belonging to a certain ethnic group could be a child prodigy.
Now that we have examined some conditions, asides from just training, that may explain the excellence of the Polgar sisters, it is time to take a closer look at the question of prodigy.
As I have outlined before now, Judith Polgar was basically a giant in the world of chess. She was absolutely peerless when it came to the female game. The difference between her and her sisters was dumbfounding and ridiculous too. This is despite the fact that her sisters were no slackers. From that we can surmise that the training that molded Judith cannot account for her excellence alone. If it could, her sisters would be closer to her in terms of ability. But they are not. In fact, no woman is close to her, period.
To be clear, Susan and Sophia are closer to one another in terms of ability than to Judith, despite Sophia not being a grandmaster and Susan being one. Sophia’s peak FIDE rating was 2505, while Susan, who became a grandmaster, had a peak rating of 2577. It is obvious that Judith blew both of them out of the water. If environment were the cause of their talent — which is Laszlo’s claim — then Susan and Sophia would certainly be closer to Judith. But the opposite is the case.
Another thing we have to contend with is the smallness of Judith’s female contemporaries and her smallness in relation to her male contemporaries. I have emphasized this over and over again in this article, so I might sound like a broken record if I say it once more, but here it is; Judith Polgar was peerless. However, despite her insane ability, she hardly comes close to the best male players of her time. She only got into the top ten list of chess players twice in her entire career, and the closest she came to being the best player in the world — which happened at the height of her powers no less — ended in her coming dead last.
The best player today is Magnus Carlsen, and he has constantly been above the 2800 mark in the FIDE ratings, a ranking that Polgar has never touched. No list of the best players in chess will include Judith, and she would be lucky to make a top 50 list. In the list of the highest FIDE rating peaks, Judith comes in at number 54. No other female appears on the top 130 players list.
You might not want me to say it, but it is true; if Judith Polgar were a man, she would be a footnote in the history of chess, and would certainly never be mentioned as one of the greatest ever. Again, this takes away nothing from her excellence and ability. It is just the truth.
We know that at least one of the reasons why most of the greatest players in chess are men is because men have better spatial ability than women (and we know this gap is already present in boys and girls as early as four months old). We also know that another reason might be because men are simply more interested in things and women are more interested in people. That is at least one of the reasons why women are over represented in the HEAL disciplines (Health, Education, Administration and Literacy) and men are over represented in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math).
If these are true, we can posit that the best chess players will always be male, since they are likely to have better spatial ability than women, and are more likely to be interested in the game of chess than women. This means that in a way men have more genetic advantage at chess than women. You can argue, but the fact that there has only been forty female grandmasters (even with the lowered requirements) and more than 1700 male ones show that either men are just better at it or there is a cabal of men intentionally stopping women from becoming grandmasters. The choice is yours.
It is difficult to imagine anyone better groomed for chess domination than the Polgars in the history of chess. All of them began learning and playing chess to a very high degree before five years old. According to Judith their home was essentially a shrine to chess. They were introduced to all the best chess books and strategy at a very tender age. Their father even got grandmasters of the sport to teach them. No one else in the history chess has ever gotten that sort of training.
Magnus Carlsen, for example, did not need teaching. He developed his interest in chess by himself and spent most of his formative years playing alone. Bobby Fischer learnt how to play chess at six years old from a set bought from a candy store. He also developed his interest in chess on his own and spent a lot of time playing by himself. Both men had no helping hand and only started advanced lessons when they displayed prodigious ability. This is true for an overwhelming majority of the best chess players.
This was not with the case with the Polgars. They had more training, more time, and more emphasis on chess during their formative years. Yet even the best Polgar sister — who was better than the rest by far — could not hold a candle to the best male players. Despite having better training than every single chess player in the world.
People often say the story of the Polgars is the story of nurture defeating nature. But from where I am sitting, it looks like nature still beat nurture’s ass — even in this case. Despite the odds. Despite the years of training. Despite everything. Despite the giant leg up the Polgar sisters got. They still could not replicate the strengths of the best male chess players.
Of course this is not to say that the training they got was irrelevant. Remember, these girls were prodigies. Their environment played a huge role in their success. I don’t imagine that Judith Polgar would have become a chess grandmaster if her father had not taught her about it or made it his life’s mission to make her a genius. That work certainly had some impact on how the Polgars turned out. It would be stupid to argue otherwise.
However, it is obvious that the environment provided by Laszlo was not the only thing that contributed to the success of the Polgar sisters. It is not even obvious that such an environment is necessary for the manifestation of genius. Other chess players greater than the Polgars did not have that environment.
Yes, Laszlo molded the his daughters into prodigies. But he did not provide the clay. At the cost of sounding razz, I have to say that his clay was pretty damn good. And despite that. And despite that. Despite his skill with the molding and the superiority of his clay. Far superior clay won in the end. It is the story of history.
But Laszlo’s experiment was not all for naught. Even if he did not make his children smarter than they would ordinarily have been, he definitely helped in igniting the passion for chess that all of them (except Sophia, to some extent) had. Without that passion, it would not matter how smart they were, they would not have become grandmasters. Perhaps that was the similarity he saw all those years ago when he studied geniuses. Their years of reading and training did not make these geniuses geniuses. It merely focused their genius on one subject, and then they manifested their exceptional ability as a result of the ignition of their passion.
One does not just require intelligence to be great at chess. Other things — like determination, passion, focus, and all other such synonyms are relevant too. In fact, Susan Polgar once said that Judith was not necessarily the best of them, but she was certainly a harder worker. Whether that was Susan taking copium in light of her younger sister’s exploits cannot be known. What we do know is that without that passion and dedication to chess, even Judith Polgar would not have achieved anything. Perhaps that is what Laszlo discovered; that all geniuses are passionate, and one can be made passionate through intense study in childhood. But it is not genius. It is not superior cognitive ability. It can only help superior cognitive ability.
The difference between Judith and her sisters clearly showed that she had better innate ability than they did. And all of the training her father gave them could not bridge that gap.
Now that I am done with my point, I shall try my best to deal with any objections you might have. The only sensible objection I think you may have is to argue that the reason Judith was so much better than her sisters was because she worked harder. That is well and good, but things like hard work have already been priced in when I began deconstructing the experiment. They all grew up in the same environment and if Laszlo’s prediction is true their impetus to work hard should be similar. If it is not similar, it is likely due to genetic differences. And if that is true, does one not imagine that people with higher propensity for hard work would perform better than someone with lower propensity, regardless of their environment? Is that not innate ability?
The funny thing is that this newsletter is mostly just flogging a dead horse. Scientists have know for at least fifty years that IQ measures cognitive ability and at least a part of it is hereditary. Even the most left wing researcher in the subject of intelligence would confirm this to you. We know that biological children tend to have similar IQ to their parents while adopted children do not. We know that twins have extremely similar IQ, and the difference in their IQ is usually not larger than the difference between one person taking the same IQ test twice. We know that this remains true even if the twins are raised apart. We know that certain people on the autistic spectrum are likely to be geniuses (Godel, Grotheindieck, Einstein, Archimedes, Newton), and that these conditions are genetic.
We know that nature kicks the shit out of nurture’s ass.
We have also known for a long time that geniuses are born. We literally removed Einstein’s brain to study it after he died and found many properties that fell way outside normal distribution of a human's brain. We have defeated Laszlo and his theory for at least 30 years now. And yet some people still bring up the curious case of the Polgar sisters when defending their claim that the environment reigns supreme. Those are the ones this letter is for.
Interestingly, people asked Laszlo to perform the same experiment with a Sub-Saharan African baby. He wanted to do it, but his wife told him to forget about it.
I told you that Klara Polgar was a pretty wise woman.
She has fantastic chess talent, but she is, after all, a woman. It all comes down to the imperfections of the female psyche. No woman can sustain a prolonged battle.
Garry Kasparov
Don’t forget to like and share if you liked this six thousand word schizio extravaganza. Like and share if you did not like it as well. Thanks and God bless.
I completely disagree with one opinion of the author. By the way, I agree that Polgar's experiment was a tainted one. But, this does not prove that nature kicks nurture's butt. Nature can give better potential (e.g. higher propensity for hard work). But, passion, perseverance and nurture are definitely as important as potential. A lot of people with potential for skills, high IQ and higher propensity for hard work by your measurement do not become geniuses, after all.